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The CSS Pocket Guide: Measurements, URLs, and Color Units

Nov 17, 2010

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URLs

The URL function (<url>) is used to designate the address of a resource for use in a property such as background-image or list-style-image. The path of the resource follows the same rules as other uniform resource identifier (URI) usages like link href values in HTML. When using external style sheet documents, relative paths relate to the document the CSS rule is found in (the external CSS document) and not the source HTML document.

body { background-image: url(../images/bg_body.png); }
body { background-image: url(/images/bg_body.png); }
body { background-image: url(https://example.com/images/bg_body.png); }

URIs can be quoted with single or double quotes or can be left unquoted. For historical reasons dating back to IE for the Mac, single quotes are sometimes avoided as a best practice.

data: URIs

The data: URI scheme uses encoded strings to represent file data inline rather than as a path to an external file. This can be quite useful for small resources such as iconography, list bullets, or font faces because it cuts down the number of requests to the server or for mobile applications.

data:[<mediatype>][;base64],<data>

You can find support for this URI scheme in CSS in Internet Explorer 8+, Firefox, Safari, and Opera. The source code for data: URIs can be easily generated with "The data: URI kitchen" tool by Ian Hickson (http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/cgi/data/data).

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