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Working with Text in HTML

Sep 5, 2013

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HTML and CSS: Visual QuickStart Guide, 8th Edition

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Indicating a Citation or Reference

Use the cite element for a citation or reference to a source. Examples include the title of a play, script, or book; the name of a song, movie, photo, or sculpture; a concert or musical tour; a specification; a news-paper or legal paper; and more ( and ).

...

<body>

<p>He listened to <cite>Abbey Road</cite> 
  while watching <cite>A Hard Day's Night
  </cite> and reading <cite>The Beatles 
  Anthology</cite>.

<p>When he went to The Louvre, he learned 
  that <cite>Mona Lisa</cite> is also 
  known as <cite lang="it">La Gioconda
  </cite>.</p>

</body>

</html>

In this example, the cite element marks up the titles of an album, a movie, a book, and a work of art. (Note: The lang="it" in the last instance declares that the language of the cite text is Italian.)

Click to view larger image

The cite element renders in italics by default.

To cite a reference

Type <cite>.
Type the reference’s name.
Type </cite>.

HTML5 and Using the cite Element for Names

Amid a good amount of disagreement from the development community, HTML5 explicitly declares that using cite for a reference to a person’s name is invalid, even though previous versions of HTML allowed it and many developers and designers used it that way.

The HTML 4 spec provides the following example (I’ve changed the element names from uppercase to lowercase):

As <cite>Harry S. Truman</cite> said,

<q lang="en-us">The buck stops here.</q>

In addition to instances like that, sites have often used cite for the name of people who leave comments in blog postings and articles (the default WordPress theme does, too).

Many developers have made it clear that they intend to continue to use cite on names associated with quotes in their HTML5 pages, because they find the alternatives that HTML5 provides unacceptable (namely, the span and b elements). Jeremy Keith made the case vociferously in http://24ways.org/2009/incite-a-riot/.

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