- Creating the Form
- Performing Arithmetic
- Formatting Numbers
- Understanding Precedence
- Incrementing and Decrementing a Number
- Creating Random Numbers
- Review and Pursue
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
Incrementing and Decrementing a Number
PHP, like most programming languages, includes shortcuts that let you avoid ugly constructs such as
$tax = $tax + 1;
When you need to increase the value of a variable by 1 (known as an incremental adjustment) or decrease the value of a variable by 1 (a decremental adjustment), you can use ++ and --, respectively:
$var = 20; // 20 $var++; // 21 $var++; // 22 $var--; // 21
Solely for the sake of testing this concept, you’ll rewrite the handle_calc.php script one last time.
To increment the value of a variable:
Open handle_calc.php in your text editor or IDE, if it is not already open (Script 4.4).
Change the tax rate calculation from Script 4.3 to read as follows (Script 4.5):
$taxrate = $tax / 100; $taxrate++;
Script 4.5 Incrementing or decrementing a number is a common operation using ++ or ––, respectively.
1 <!doctype html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="utf-8"> 5 <title>Product Cost Calculator</ title> 6 <style type="text/css"> 7 .number { font-weight: bold;} 8 </style> 9 </head> 10 <body> 11 <?php // Script 4.3 - handle_calc.php #4 12 /* This script takes values from calculator.html and performs 13 total cost and monthly payment calculations. */ 14 15 // Address error handling, if you want. 16 17 // Get the values from the $_POST array: 18 $price = $_POST['price']; 19 $quantity = $_POST['quantity']; 20 $discount = $_POST['discount']; 21 $tax = $_POST['tax']; 22 $shipping = $_POST['shipping']; 23 $payments = $_POST['payments']; 24 25 // Calculate the total: 26 $total = (($price * $quantity) + $shipping) - $discount; 27 28 // Determine the tax rate: 29 $taxrate = $tax / 100; 30 $taxrate++; 31 32 // Factor in the tax rate: 33 $total = $total * $taxrate; 34 35 // Calculate the monthly payments: 36 $monthly = $total / $payments; 37 38 // Apply the proper formatting: 39 $total = number_format ($total, 2); 40 $monthly = number_format ($monthly, 2); 41 42 // Print out the results: 43 print "<p>You have selected to purchase:<br> 44 <span class=\"number\">$quantity</span> widget(s) at <br> 45 $<span class=\"number\">$price</span> price each plus a <br> 46 $<span class=\"number\">$shipping</span> shipping cost and a <br> 47 <span class=\"number\">$tax</span> percent tax rate.<br> 48 After your $<span class=\"number\">$discount</span> discount, the total cost is 49 $<span class=\"number\">$total</ span>.<br> 50 Divided over <span class=\"number\">$payments</span> monthly payments, that would be $<span class=\"number\">$monthly</span> each.</ p>"; 51 52 ?> 53 </body> 54 </html>The first line calculates the tax rate as the $tax value divided by 100. The second line increments this value by 1 so that it can be multiplied by the total to determine the total with tax.
Save the script, place it in the same directory as calculator.html, and test it in your browser
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It won’t affect your calculations if you use the long or short version of incrementing a variable (compare Scripts 4.4 and 4.5).